This module covers advanced scope analysis techniques for diagnosing fuel injector failures, with a focus on identifying mechanical injector issues that present normal-looking waveforms yet fail to deliver fuel.

Topics include:

• The injector squeeze test for identifying failing TBI injectors on Chrysler 2.2/2.5 and Nissan GA16i engines
• Ringing in GM TBI peak-and-hold injector drivers, its causes, and how to use a capacitor as a diagnostic tool
• Identifying shorted injectors through current and voltage waveform analysis
• A case study on an intermittent injector circuit connection failure and how voltage/current waveforms together reveal the fault location
• Progressive injector coil failure analysis using a series of captures from a Cadillac 4.5