Part 2 continues the diagnostic deep-dive into Toyota primary ignition systems, shifting focus to real-world case studies and the VAST (Variable Advanced Spark Timing) system.

The VAST system is contrasted against ESA, covering key differences in how the igniter handles base timing, IGT, and IGF — and why those differences matter when diagnosing no-spark or intermittent conditions.

Case studies walk through applying direct action/reaction labscope testing to actual failures, including:

• Intermittent ignition and injection faults traced to a failing distributor pickup
• No-spark diagnosis on a VAST system using digital and analog NE signals
• An ECU failure identified through IGF and injection signal analysis

The module wraps up with an introduction to DIS (distributorless) systems using the 97 Camry 5SFE as an example, covering how IGT, IGF, and primary current relationships change when igniters are integrated into the coil assemblies.